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- <text id=89TT0814>
- <title>
- Mar. 27, 1989: A Drastic Plan To Banish Smog
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Mar. 27, 1989 Is Anything Safe?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 65
- A Drastic Plan to Banish Smog
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Los Angeles seeks to clear its smudged skies by the year 2009
- </p>
- <p> The first gray-brown stains appeared in the azure skies
- above Los Angeles before the outset of World War I. During World
- War II, the summer haze was beginning to sting the eyes and
- shroud the mountains that ring the city. By the mid-'50s, Los
- Angeles' smog, as the noxious vapor had been dubbed, was
- sufficiently thick and persistent to wilt crops, obstruct
- breathing and bring angry housewives into the streets waving
- placards and wearing gas masks. Oil companies were urged to cut
- sulfur emissions. Cars were required to use unleaded gas, and
- exhausts were fitted with catalytic converters. But as the city
- continued to grow unabated, so did its choking smog.
- </p>
- <p> Now, after more than 30 years of struggling to clean up
- what has become the nation's No. 1 air-pollution problem,
- California officials have taken decisive action against the
- primary source of the trouble: the unfettered use of
- fossil-fuel-burning private vehicles in a city that has long
- been in love with the automobile. By a vote of 10 to 2, the
- directors of the south coast air-quality-management district,
- a regional agency with authority over Los Angeles, last week
- adopted a sweeping 20-year antipollution plan. It will not only
- drastically curtail automobile use in the Los Angeles basin but
- also convert virtually all vehicles to the use of nonpolluting
- fuels by 2009. "The public is ready for change," declares Jim
- Lents, executive officer of the management district. "This plan
- signals the beginning of that process."
- </p>
- <p> The proposal, referred to simply as the L.A. plan, is 5,500
- pages long and 3 ft. high, and was five years in the making. It
- calls for elimination of 70% of smog-producing emissions in the
- Los Angeles area by the year 2000. In the plan's first five-year
- phase, 123 separate regulations will ban the use of aerosol hair
- sprays and deodorants and require companies, regardless of the
- cost, to install the best antismog equipment available. But one
- of the plan's primary objectives is to break the city's
- addiction to the internal-combustion engine. First, it imposes
- stricter emission standards and forces employers to encourage
- car pooling. Then it calls for conversion of most vehicles to
- methanol and other cleaner burning fuels. Finally, in a Buck
- Rogers phase that assumes rapid advances in fuel-cell
- technology, it calls for a massive switch to cars, buses and
- trucks powered by electricity.
- </p>
- <p> "It's quite a remarkable achievement," says David Howekamp
- of the Environmental Protection Agency. Adds Richard Ayres,
- chairman of the National Clean Air Coalition: "It's a bold
- attempt to grapple with the real pollution problems." The EPA
- is expected to approve the Los Angeles plan and use it as a
- blueprint for a federal program that will include cities like
- Chicago and New York.
- </p>
- <p> Critics of the plan, however, believe it will prove a
- costly, unrealistic mistake. Though estimates place the cost of
- the initial phase at about 60 cents a person a day for the first
- five years, or about $2.79 billion a year, opponents believe the
- price tag could be as high as $15 billion a year. A study
- prepared at the University of Southern California calculated the
- resultant loss in jobs -- mainly from companies forced by added
- antismog costs to relocate -- to be in excess of 30,000. "This
- area used to be called the promised land," complained Los
- Angeles County Supervisor Michael Antonovich, one of two members
- of the district management board who voted against passage. "Now
- it's going to be a wasteland."
- </p>
- <p> The plan still faces several bureaucratic hurdles. But the
- real test will come when Los Angeles' 8 million car lovers begin
- to feel the pinch. This is, after all, the city synonymous with
- freeways, drag races and even the drive-through church. As a
- former resident puts it, "In L.A. the first question is not What
- do you do? but What do you drive?" Will Angelenos really trade
- their Ferraris for car pools and their fuel-injected Chevy V-8s
- for electric roadsters? That remains to be seen. "We're for
- cleaner air, for damn sure," says Robert Harnar, a public
- relations executive at Ford. "But the old adage is that people
- in L.A. want buses and mass transit so all these other guys will
- get off the freeway."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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